Standards

proprietary

These are owned by a company any software that runs over it must handle data in certain way and be able to communicate with the operating system.

industry standards

 Standards agreed across the computing industry many of them related to software and allow easy connections between devices like USB connectors

de facto standards 

Those that develop through common usage until they become the accepted way of doing things

open standards

Standards that are available to the public open to be changed by the public